A comparison analysis of the decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth in three industries of Heilongjiang province in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Growing environmental pressure urges China to develop in a sustainable and low carbon way, and thus China strives to achieve a carbon peak by 2030 and...     

异龙湖沉水植物分布格局与水环境因子相关性研究

异龙湖为中国云南九大高原湖泊之一,是处于草型向藻型湖泊转化节点上的典型高原湖泊,因历史原因,异龙湖东西湖区水环境条件差异较大,可较好的代表云南高原草型及藻型湖泊类型,因此研究异龙湖的沉水植物时空分布与水环境因子关系,对于我国高原湖泊的保护具有重要意义,且自1980年以来异龙湖沉水植物相关研究成果较少,因此,本研究在异龙湖开展为期一周年的水环境因子及沉水植物调查,对沉水植物分布格局及其与水环境因子之间相互关系进行了研究,以期为异龙湖的沉水植物研究留下珍贵的历史资料,并探索异龙湖沉水植物分布格局及其影响因子,为沉水植物恢复提供数据及技术支撑.结果表明:东西湖区沉水植物的群落结构具有显著差异,西湖区小茨藻(Najas minor All.)、狸藻(Utricularia vulgaris L)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)等为优势种,东湖区篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus L)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticilla-tum L)为优势种,且西湖区沉水植物的生物量及物种丰度显著高于东湖区.通过相关性分析看出水深、透明度、溶解氧是影响异龙湖沉水植物分布的主要环境因子,总氮、总磷、氨氮及pH是次要影响因子,异龙湖在现状条件下恢复沉水植物应针对不同湖区恢复采用不同的恢复策略,选择不同的沉水植物种类开展恢复工作.     

高烈度地震区隧道软硬围岩交接段刚柔并济抗减震技术研究*

为提高高烈度地震区隧道抗震性能，以某铁路隧道为研究背景，分析3种抗减震措施下隧道不同监测点隧道拱顶沉降、边墙收敛、衬砌结构PGA及最小安全系数，通过对比分析得到最优抗减震措施。结果表明:相比于工况1，工况2隧道拱顶沉降减小10.54%~81.10%，边墙收敛减小13.92%~78.77%，衬砌结构PGA减小31.42%~72.02%，最小安全系数增加18.04%~66.13%；相比于工况1，工况3结构拱顶沉降减小3.04%~18.02%，边墙收敛减小4.70%~32.00%，PGA增加13.95%~27.48%，最小安全系数增加7.49%~30.99%；工况4即“减震层+SFRC衬砌”刚柔并济法，相比于工况1，隧道拱顶沉降减小18.46%~83.98%，结构边墙收敛减小17.54%~85.47%，PGA减小30.00%~69.98%，最小安全系数增加47.95%~83.56%；4种工况抗减震性能由高到低依次为:工况4＞工况2＞工况3＞工况1。研究结果可为隧道软硬围岩交接段抗震设防提供理论参考。     

The pollution halo effect of technology spillover and pollution haven effect of economic growth in agricultural foreign trade: two sides of the same coin?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the “pollution halo” effect...     

两种水生昆虫头宽与基于图像分析的大小参数关系性分析

对于水生昆虫及其它生物而言,大小是一个重要的功能性状,但是头宽的测量特别耗时和受人为因素影响.随着计算机技术的发展,基于图像分析技术(一种快速测量大小的策略)可获得传统方式难以获得的大小参数,明确这些大小参数与头宽的关系,对推动这些参数的应用具有重要意义.选择两种个体大小差异较大的蜉蝣(梧州蜉和光滑细蜉)作为研究对象,对其头宽与基于数字图像获得的面积,周长,最小矩形的长和宽,最适合椭圆的长轴和短轴和粒径等个体大小参数的相关性进行研究.数字图像采用改进后的描述仪扫描获取;图像分析基于ImageJ软件完成;基于二元直线回归和多元直线回归分析各参数之间的相关性.各种层次的回归分析结果均表明:基于图像分析获得的两种蜉蝣所有个体大小参数均与头宽大小呈极其显著的正相关性,其中面积的相关性最高.并且面积与其它大小参数相关性也极其显著,对个体大小具有较好的代表性.研究结果为推动数字图像分析技术应用在水生昆虫及其它生物的生物学和生态学研究中提供了技术支持和理论依据.     

Comparison on surface properties and desulfurization of MnO2 and pyrolusite blended activated carbon by steam activation

In this study, MnO₂ and pyrolusite were used as the catalysts to prepare modified activated carbon, that is, AC-Mn and AC-P, respectively, from coals by blending method and steam activation. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results indicated that the AC-P had higher surface areas and micropore volumes than the AC-Mn with the same blending ratio. The relative contents of basic functional groups (i.e., C = O, π-π*) on AC-P were slightly lower than those on AC-Mn, while both contained the same main metal species, namely, MnO. The desulfurization results showed that with 3 wt% of blending ratio, AC-Mn3 and AC-P3 had higher sulfur capacities at 220 and 205 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than for the blank one (149.6 mg/g). Moreover, the AC-P had relatively higher sulfur capacity than the AC-Mn with the same contents of Mn, which might be attributed to the existence of other metals in pyrolusite. After the desulfurization process, MnO were gradually transferred into MnSO₄, and the relative contents of basic functional groups decreased evidently for both AC-Mn3 and AC-P3. The results demonstrated that pyrolusite could be one good alternative to MnO₂ to prepare modified activated carbon for desulfurization.

Implications: MnO₂ and pyrolusite were used as the additives to prepare modified activated carbon from coals by a blending method and by steam activation, that is, AC-Mn and AC-P, respectively. The AC-P had higher surface areas and micropore volumes than the AC-Mn with the same blending ratio. The AC-Mn and AC-P had higher sulfur capacities than a blank one. Moreover, the AC-P had relatively higher sulfur capacity than the AC-Mn with the same contents of Mn. The results demonstrated that pyrolusite could be one good alternative to MnO₂ to prepare modified activated carbon for desulfurizatio.     

夏季城市景观格局对热场空间分布的影响——以武汉为例

城市热岛效应是城市生态环境状况的综合体现，探讨城市景观格局对热场空间分布的影响机制对于优化城市空间布局、提升城市生态环境质量有着重要意义。选用2016年7月23日Landsat8遥感影像进行武汉主城区景观类型划分和地表温度反演，从斑块、斑块类型、景观水平3个级别选取所有常见景观指数表征城市景观格局特征；按3 km×3 km大小的网格将武汉市主城区进行格网划分，构建格网内各景观格局指数与地表温度的关系，并进行主成分综合回归分析，探讨城市景观格局影响夏季热场空间分布的主要特征。结果表明：（1）76%的景观指数与地表温度的线性关系在0.01的置信水平是显著的，但各景观指数之间相关性较强，信息交叉重叠严重。（2）在所有景观指数中，对地表温度影响最大的依次是水体斑块类型面积（CA_W）、建设用地斑块类型所占景观面积比例（PLAND_C）、绿地类型核心斑块占景观面积比（CPLAND_G）、绿地类型相似度均值（SIMI_MN_G）及绿地类型邻近指标均值（PROX_MN_G）。（3）当其他因素不变时，格网内建设用地每增加10%，地表温度上升1.0℃；水体面积每增加10 hm，地表温度下降0.2℃；绿地核心面积比例每增加10%，可降温1.0℃；相似度均值和邻近度均值每增加0.1，可降温0.09和0.08℃。 关键词： 景观格局；热场；格网化；多因子；热岛效应     

Sustainable Use of Coffee Husks For Reinforcing Polyethylene Composites

The utilization of the coffee husk fiber (CHF) from the coffee industry as a reinforcing filler in the preparation of a cost-effective thermoplastic based composite was explored in this study. The chemical composition and thermal properties of the CHF were investigated and compared with those of wood fiber (WF). CHF proved to be mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and exhibited similar thermal behavior to WF. High density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with CHF loadings of from 40 to 70% were prepared using melt processing and extrusion. The processing properties, mechanical behavior, water absorption and thermal performance of these composites were investigated. The effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) used as a coupling agent on the composite was explored. The experimental results showed that increasing the CHF loading in the HDPE matrix resulted in an increase in the modulus and thermal properties of the composites, but resulted in poor water resistance. The addition of a 4% MAPE significantly improved the interfacial behavior of the hydrophilic lignocellulosic fiber and the hydrophobic polymer matrix.     

A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK

In order to enhance Chinese workers’ occupational safety awareness, it is essential to learn from developed countries’ experiences. This article investigates thoroughly occupational safety and health (OSH) in China and the UK; moreover, the article performs a comparison of Chinese and British OSH training-related laws, regulations and education system. The following conclusions are drawn: China’s work safety continues to improve, but there is still a large gap compared with the UK. In China a relatively complete vocational education and training (VET) system has been established. However, there exist some defects in OSH. In the UK, the employer will not only pay attention to employees’ physiological health, but also to their mental health. The UK’s VET is characterized by classification and grading management, which helps integrate OSH into the whole education system. China can learn from the UK in the development of policies, VET and OSH training.     

环境治理效率与制造业产值的计量经济分析

随着环境管理日益引起国内外的高度关注,环境治理效率已经成为全球性的政策性问题。本文基于2001-2010年我国制造业行业有关环境治理的数据,通过运用计量经济模型,分别从制造业总体层面和制造业细分行业层面探讨了制造业产值和环境治理效率之间的关系。研究结果表明,制造业总体产值和环境治理效率之间呈现倒N型曲线关系,即环境治理效率随着制造业产出水平的提高呈现出先减小再增大再减小的趋势;对于细分行业而言,有23个行业的产值和环境治理效率之间呈现倒N型曲线关系,有7个行业呈现N型曲线关系。其次,研究结果表明,企业环保意识与环境治理效率呈现正相关关系,而制造业科技创新投入、科技创新产出与环境治理效率呈现负相关关系;政府干预程度对环境治理效率的作用不显著。研究结果揭示,制造业产值和环境治理效率之间的关系有一系列阶段性的变化,企业需要根据制造业产值水平的不同层次做出政策性调整,并通过提高环保意识来提升制造业行业的环境治理效率;并且,研究结果显示,对于不同的制造业行业来说,制造业产值和环境治理效率之间的关系特征不同,因此,推行环境治理效率相关措施之前需要积极地探索行业的发展特征。基于上述实证研究结果,政府层面要积极引导绿色消费观,完善环境关税和环境税法等相关制度体系,激励企业进行环境创新,协调经济发展与环境之间的关系;制造业企业需要把握产值与环境治理效率的阶段性变化特征,提升技术创新能力,促进环境治理效率的提升,实现绿色发展。综上,本研究结果为政府制定环保政策以及企业提高其环境治理效率提供了政策参考和依据。